Invited review: Total solids concentration in milk or milk replacer for dairy calves
نویسندگان
چکیده
Restricting milk or replacer (MR) fed to dairy calves 10% of body weight at 12.5% total solids (TS) concentration is a common feeding strategy that promotes early weaning and lowers feed costs for raising young calves. However, this has been associated with inferior performance compromised welfare. Because restricted liquid nutrition plan limits calf growth due limited supply nutrients, research on increased nutrients from shown improved growth, health, welfare Nutrient may be by larger amounts MR averaging TS, increasing TS above the usual alone (TS+), volume simultaneously (TSV+). The objective review discuss plans greater in diets, considering effects such strategies digestive tract development before future This will focus are based (i.e., TS+ TSV+); therefore, enhanced only volumes not discussed. Improved rates have observed TSV+ programs. reduced starter intake preweaning can also negative dry matter intake, average daily gain, digestibility postweaning. Feeding program reduce impairment therefore positive performance, nutrient digestibility, health. When an accelerated TSV+, it important consider osmolality diet. Further studies necessary confirm hypothesis cost-benefit alternative plans, as well optimal
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Dairy Science
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0022-0302', '1525-3198', '1529-9066']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-23372